ABSTRACT
@#CpG oligonucleotide(CpG ODN)is a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing non-methylated CpG,which has broad application prospects in disease prevention and clinical treatment. Among them,B class CpG ODN is widely used in vaccine research because of its strong immune stimulation and some motifs have entered the clinical research stage. At the same time,the problem of bacterial resistance in clinical treatment has become increasingly serious,and the development of bacterial vaccine with B class CpG ODN as adjuvant has become a research hotspot. This paper reviewed the current research status and related progress of the existing B class CpG ODN 1826,2006,2007 and 1668 motifs in bacterial vaccines,with a view to providing a reference for the subsequent development and application of bacterial vaccines.
ABSTRACT
Resumo: Pesquisa de desenvolvimento metodológico cujo objetivo foi desenvolver curso massivo aberto on-line (MOOC) para enfermeiros sobre prevenção e tratamento da lesão por pressão na pessoa idosa, à luz da Teoria de Margaret Newman. Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica, aplicada à elaboração e validação de curso on-line, pautada nas cinco etapas do modelo ADDIE de design instrucional. A primeira etapa envolveu análise, com a definição de conteúdo a partir de revisão integrativa de literatura: utilização das Teorias de enfermagem no cuidado às pessoas idosas com lesão por pressão. A segunda etapa proporcionou desenho do curso, com definição de objetivos de aprendizagem, atividades, duração e ferramentas do curso. A etapa três foi representada pela criação e edição dos recursos educacionais abertos. Na etapa quatro, ocorreu a hospedagem do conteúdo e mídias no ambiente virtual escolhido. A quinta etapa incluiu a validação de conteúdo e aparência por juízes experts. Como resultados, emergiram três produções científicas em formato de revisão integrativa: 1) estratégias de continuidade do cuidado de enfermagem, ações preventivas e de tratamento da lesão por pressão em pessoas idosas; 2) Avaliação e fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão em pessoas idosas; 3) Prevenção e tratamento de lesões por pressão em pessoas idosas. Foram criados 24 produtos técnicos em formato de material didático, contemplados por: quatro (4) vídeos de apresentação: apresentação das autoras, apresentação do curso, apresentação dos módulos 1 e 2; seis (6) videoaulas, três (3) para o módulo 1 e três (3) para o módulo 2. Oito (8) infográficos divididos entre módulo 1 e módulo 2; dois (2) ebooks módulo 1 e módulo 2; um (1) estudo de caso; um (1) podcast e um (1) Curso no modelo MOOC Lesão por pressão na pessoa idosa: cuidado de enfermagem à luz da Teoria de Margaret Newman. O curso MOOC desenvolvido é potente para fortalecer a assistência de enfermagem aos idosos portadores de lesão por pressão. Além disso trata-se de estratégia de ensino inovadora para estudantes da área de ciências da saúde. A aplicação de forma sistematizada do referencial teórico deste estudo, a Teoria da expansão da consciência de Margaret Newman, evidenciou-se no processo formativo, uma vez que a teorista discute a enfermagem como profissão e que o processo formativo é estabelecido pela identidade e responde por suas práticas. Ressalta-se a relevância do estudo por se tratar do desenvolvimento de um curso teórico, no modelo MOOC, gratuito, disponível em uma plataforma confiável e aberta, em que o cursista pode organizar-se para o cumprimento das atividades conforme a sua disponibilidade de carga horária.
Abstract: Methodological development research whose objective was to develop a massive open online course (MOOC) for nurses on the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries in the elderly, in light of Margaret Newman's Theory. This is methodological research, applied to the development and validation of an online course, based on the five stages of the ADDIE model of instructional design. The first stage involved analysis, with the definition of content based on an integrative literature review: use of nursing theories in the care of elderly people with pressure injuries. The second stage provided the course design, defining learning objectives, activities, duration and course tools. Step three was represented by the creation and editing of open educational resources. In step four, the content and media were hosted in the chosen virtual environment. The fifth stage included content and appearance validation by expert judges. As results, three scientific productions emerged in the format of an integrative review: 1) nursing care continuity strategies, preventive actions and treatment of pressure injuries in elderly people; 2) Assessment and risk factors for the development of pressure injuries in elderly people; 3) Prevention and treatment of pressure injuries in elderly people. 24 technical products were created in teaching material format, comprising: four (4) presentation videos: presentation of the authors, presentation of the course, presentation of modules 1 and 2; six (6) video lessons, three (3) for module 1 and three (3) for module 2. Eight (8) infographics divided between module 1 and module 2; two (2) e-books module 1 and module 2; one (1) case study; one (1) podcast and one (1) Course using the MOOC model Pressure injuries in the elderly: nursing care in light of Margaret Newman's Theory. The MOOC course developed is powerful in strengthening nursing care for elderly people with pressure injuries. Furthermore, it is an innovative teaching strategy for students in the area of health sciences. The systematic application of the theoretical framework of this study, Margaret Newman's Consciousness Expansion Theory, was evident in the training process, since the theorist discusses nursing as a profession and that the training process is established by identity and responds to their practices. The relevance of the study is highlighted as it concerns the development of a theoretical course, in the MOOC model, free of charge, available on a reliable and open platform, in which the course participant can organize themselves to carry out the activities according to their availability. hourly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pressure Ulcer , Education, Nursing, Continuing , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019, provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace. Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63 563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions. Results: The training rate of managers was 76.17% and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%. The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%, the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%, and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%. Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask, the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%. The differences in all the indicators among different areas, enterprise scales, economic types were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China. Measures such as special support, guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Manufacturing Industry , Workplace , China/epidemiology , Occupational HealthABSTRACT
Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is an occupational inflammatory skin disease. According to its pathogenesis, it can be divided into irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. This review introduced the high-risk occupations of OCD, its incidence, common irritants and allergens, and corresponding treatments. Agriculture workers, construction workers, production workers, hairdressers, and medical workers are high-risk occupations of OCD who should be paid attention to.
ABSTRACT
This study used bioinformatics analysis to screen out key genes involved in the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy to end-stage renal disease and to predict targeted Chinese herbs and medicines and active ingredients with preventive and curative effects. The GSE108113 microarray of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and GSE37171 microarray of were downloaded from the comprehensive gene expression database, and 8 homozygous differentially expressed genes for the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy into end-stage renal disease of were screened out by R software. GraphPad Prism was used to verify the expression of homozygous differentially expressed genes in GSE115857 microarray of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and GSE66494 microarray of chronic kidney disease, and 7 key genes(FOS, OGT, CLK1, TIA1, TTC14, CHORDC1, and ANKRD36B) were finally obtained. The Gene Ontology(GO) analysis was performed. There were 209 functions of encoded proteins, mainly involved in regulation of RNA splicing, cytoplasmic stress granule, poly(A) binding, etc. Thirteen traditional Chinese medicines with the effect of preventing the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy to end-stage renal disease were screened out from Coremine Medical database, including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycopi Herba, and Gardeniae Fructus, which were included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The active ingredient quercetin mined from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) had ability to dock with the key gene FOS-encoded protein molecule, which provided targets and research ideas for the development of new traditional Chinese medicines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Computational BiologyABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease （PD） is a progressive chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis involving oxidative stress， neuroinflammation， mitochondrial dysfunction， and other factors. Currently， the clinical treatment of PD mainly includes levodopa， dopamine receptor agonists， monoamine oxidase B inhibitors， catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors， and anticholinergic drugs， but there is a lack of disease-modif g therapies that can definitively improve disease progression. According to the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， PD is characterized by asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality. It is primarily caused by liver-kidney Yin deficiency， Qi-blood insufficiency， and closely related to wind， fire， phlegm， and blood stasis. Numerous clinical practices have shown that TCM has significant clinical value in the prevention and treatment of PD， the management of motor and non-motor symptoms， and the neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons. The underlying mechanisms of TCM include antioxidative stress， anti-neuroinflammation， and regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. This article categorized and summarized the pathogenesis of PD， systematically elucidated the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of TCM monomer extracts and compounds in the prevention and treatment of PD， and provided the latest clinical research progress， aiming to provide references for the development and clinical use of TCM for PD.
ABSTRACT
@#Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are clinically used with common gastrointestinal adverse reactions, among which NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injuries (NSIs) are manifested in the appearance of jejunum and ileal mucosa erythema, erosion, ulcer, hemorrhage, intestinal wall perforation and obstruction et al..The pathological mechanisms of NSIs are complex, with a lack of effective prevention or treatment methods.This review summarizes the research progress of the pathological mechanisms of NSIs as well as the prevention and treatment of NSIs by misoprostol, mucosal protective agents, antibiotics and probiotics, traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients, nutritional supplements and other drugs in the past five years, in order to provide reference and basis for the research and development of new NSIs drugs.
ABSTRACT
The crime of impairing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases was "activated" in the COVID-19 epidemic that broke out in early 2020. However, the scope of infectious diseases involved in the relevant crimes of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China before the revision was only limited to Category A infectious diseases, and the scope of application should be expanded when used for infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The revised Criminal Law "expands" the scope of infectious diseases involved in the crime from Category A to Category B controlled according to Category A, providing a legal basis for related cases, while the expressions in the new laws are repeated and ambiguous. Whether the criminal subject causes others to be infected is closely related to the sentencing of the crime, but it is still impossible to draw an exclusive conclusion on the causality leading to infection at the technical level. In summary, this paper proposed to correct the cases of inappropriate expansion of the application scope before the amendment of the Criminal Law, revise the improper expression of the new laws while cleaning up the relevant normative documents, clarify the unidentifiable part in the causal relationship of relevant cases and consider it in sentencing process.
ABSTRACT
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the two major causes of death worldwide. The application of anti-tumor drugs has significantly improved the prognosis of patients, the cardiovascular toxicity caused by the application of them has become an important factor affecting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular toxicity related to cancer treatment is increasingly important. The cardiovascular toxicity associated with anti-tumor drugs exhibits different clinical manifestations and involves multiple pathological mechanisms. This article reviews the current research progress from the perspective of the characteristics, molecular mechanisms and prevention and treatment strategies of cardiovascular toxicity caused by cancer drugs.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of lung cancer among medical staff in a hospital and promote the level of cancer prevention and treatment. MethodsThe annual physical examination data， follow-up pathology and survival data from 2009 to 2021 in a tertiary cancer hospital were collected and then compared with data of lung cancer in China from the global burden of disease database （GBD database）. ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of lung cancer have been continuously increasing in both populations in recent years. The age-standardized prevalence of lung cancer among medical staff was higher than that in Chinese population， but the age-standardized mortality was lower. The Average Annual Percent Change （AAPC） of lung cancer prevalence among staff was higher than that in Chinese population （13.0% vs. 4.1%）， indicating a higher growth rate. The proportion of newly diagnosed early-stage lung cancer in 2014-2021 was significantly higher than that before adding plain chest CT scan in routine physical examination （2009-2013）， suggesting the benefit of chest CT scan for early screening of lung cancer. ConclusionThe prevalence and growth rate of lung cancer among the staff were higher than those in Chinese population， but the mortality was lower. Plain chest CT scan is essential for early screening and treatment of lung cancer.
ABSTRACT
Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) and its re-emergence is a potential global threat. The number of human MPX-positive cases reported by some coutries was increasing since it was detected in the UK on May 7, 2022, which has become a public health emergency and attracted global attention. Understanding the virological characteristics, route of transmission, pathogenic mechanism, vaccines and antiviral drugs of MPX is of great significance for the prevention and control of monkeypox. This paper briefly described the etiological characteristics and the prevention and control measures for MPX.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To learn about the current situation of prevention and control results of three-year campaign for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Pingliang City, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of KBD.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out to collect the KBD surveillance data of all villages in the counties (cities, districts) affected by KBD in Pingliang City, Gansu Province during 2019 - 2020 from the "National Integrated Management System for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control (Three-year Campaign Action Management System)", including, the prevalence of children aged 7 to 12 years old, the implementation of prevention and control measures, and the case investigation, the establishment, management of health files and treatment of current patients.Results:Patients with KBD were distributed in 6 counties (cities, districts), 64 townships (towns), and 690 villages in Pingliang City, and all of them were seriously ill area. In 2019 and 2020, 40 537 and 41 053 children aged 7 to 12 years old were examined, respectively, and the clinical detection rate was 0.08% (31/40 537) and 0.03% (12/41 053), respectively; the X-ray detection rate was 0 in each year. In the dietary structure of residents in Pingliang City from 2018 to 2020, the consumption proportions of rice, flour and other diets was 15.03%, 76.63% and 8.34%, respectively, and the purchase proportion of staple food was 19.28%. From 2018 - 2020, 9 564 households and 36 282 people had been relocated from the affected areas, 4 831 children aged 7 to 12 years old had been raised in different places, 14.81% (420 914/2 842 939) of the original cultivated land had been converted to cash crops, 21.81%(620 045/2 842 939) of the original cultivated land had been converted from farmland to forest (grass), and 231 811 nutrition package for children aged 6 to 24 months had been given. A total of 6 269 KBD patients were investigated and registered, including 3 722 males and 2 547 females, with a gender ratio of 1.00 ∶ 0.68. The most clinical grading was grade Ⅰ, accounting for 78.00% (4 890/6 269), followed by grade Ⅱ (15.89%, 996/6 269) and grade Ⅲ (6.11%, 383/6 269); the age of onset was (64.57 ± 10.01) years old, ranging from 16 to 87 years old; most patients were over 50 years old, accounting for 86.57% (5 427/6 269). In 2019, 1 659 KBD patients were treated. The apparent efficiency, effective efficiency and ineffective efficiency were 25.38% (421 cases), 52.92% (878 cases) and 21.70% (360 cases), respectively. In 2020, 1 395 KBD patients were treated; the apparent efficiency, effective efficiency and ineffective efficiency were 19.50% (272 cases), 61.65% (860 cases) and 18.85% (263 cases), respectively.Conclusions:All villages in KBD area in Pingliang City have reached the elimination standard and achieved the elimination goal. We should continue to do a good job in the dynamic monitoring of the disease, strengthen the implementation of prevention and control measures and rehabilitation intervention for patients with KBD, and improve the quality of life of patients.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: La enfermedad periodontal se clasifica en dos grandes grupos principales: gingivitis y periodontitis, desencadenadas por una alteración de la microbiota oral, que causa un aumento de microorganismos patógenos con respecto a los beneficiosos. Estos, en interacción con el hospedero y con los factores de riesgo del paciente, definirán una presentación clínica específica. Una de las estrategias que se propone como alternativa frente al uso de antibióticos y como coadyuvante del raspado y alisado radicular (RAR) para tratar las periodontitis, es la administración de probióticos. Los probióticos son denominados como microorganismos vivos que al ser administrados en cantidades adecuadas son capaces de ejercer una acción benéfica sobre la salud del hospedador. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el beneficio de los probióticos en la prevención y tratamiento de las principales enfermedades periodontales. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda desde Enero del 2010 a Mayo del 2020 en Pubmed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct y el Portal Timbó. Obteniéndose como resultado que los probióticos son capaces de reducir los parámetros clínicos y microbiológicos de dichas enfermedades y que pueden ser un valioso complemento en su prevención y tratamiento.
ABSTRACT: Periodontal disease is classified into two main groups: gingivitis and periodontitis, triggered by an alteration of the oral microbiota, which causes an increase in pathogenic microorganisms with respect to the beneficial ones. In interaction with the host and with the risk factors of the patient. They will define a specific clinical presentation. One of the strategies proposed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics and as an adjunct to scraping and root planning (RAR) to treat periodontitis, is the administration of probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, are capable of exerting a beneficial action on the health of the host. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the benefit of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of the main periodontal diseases. For this, a search was carried out between 2010 and 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct and the Timbó Portal. The results obtained showed that probiotics are capable of reducing the clinical and microbiological parameters of these diseases and that they can be a valuable complement in their prevention and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the influencing factors, prevention and treatment strategy of short-term poor prognosis of continuous lumbar cistern external drainage after aneurysms subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods:Used retrospective research method, the clinical data of 300 patients with aSAH combined with continuous lumbar cistern external drainage treated in Sanya Central Hospital (Hainan Third People′s Hospital) from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the training set. In addition, the clinical data of 144 patients with aSAH with continuous lumbar cistern external drainage treated in Sanya Central Hospital (Hainan Third People′s Hospital) from March 2017 to May 2019 were selected as the verification set. According to the results of postoperative follow-up, the patients in the training set were divided into two groups: good prognosis group ( n=208) and poor prognosis group ( n=92). The demographic characteristics, past history, Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, location of responsible aneurysm, postoperative complications, bone flap decompression and lumbar cistern drainage were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors for prognosis of aSAH patients undergoing continuous lumbar cistern external drainage were screened by Cox proportional hazard regression model, and these factors were included and XGboost model was established. The prediction model was validated internally and externally in the training set and verification set: AUROC(C-index) was used to verify the model differentiation; GiViTI calibration band and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to verify the model calibration; DCA curve was used to verify the clinical validity of the model. Results:Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, drainage duration, average daily drainage volume, shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, aneurysm rebleeding, cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with aSAH who underwent continuous lumbar cistern external drainage( P<0.05). The XGboost model was successfully established by incorporating the above independent risk factors, and the internal and external verification of the XGboost model was carried out in the training set and verification set, respectively, the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic was 0.882(95% CI: 0.820-0.955) and 0.878(95% CI: 0.774-0.928) respectively, and the model differentiation was good; the 80%-90% confidence interval of the GiViTI calibration curve did not cross the 45° angle bisector ( P>0.05). In the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, the P value were 0.581 and 0.716, respectively. The threshold probability value in the DCA curve was 30.4%. The clinical net benefit rate of the training set and verification set were 31% and 34%, respectively, indicating that the prediction model was clinically effective. Conclusions:The independent risk factors for poor prognosis of aSAH patients undergoing continuous lumbar cistern drainage are Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The XGboost model constructed in this study can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with aSAH undergoing continuous lumbar cistern drainage, and provide reference for the formulation of follow-up treatment plans.
ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is a common clinical chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex and diverse etiology and unrevealed pathogenesis. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， psoriasis is caused by internal and external factors. To be specific， external factors such as external wind， cold， dampness， heat， insects， and other pathogenic factors can result in Qi obstruction， blood stasis， and loss of nourishment in the skin， and internal and external factors such as wind， dampness， and toxic qi attacking the exterior， heat and dryness in the blood aspect， difficulty in flourishing due to blood dryness， and blood deficiency in the body， combined with external contraction of wind and dryness trigger the disease. Modern doctors have conducted research from the blood aspect， including blood heat， blood deficiency， blood stasis， and blood dryness. Modern medicine believes that it is related to genetics， immunity， infection， and other factors， and the research on its mechanism focuses on genetic susceptibility， immune system disorder， bacterial infection， and other aspects. At present， various clinical therapies are available， mainly including systematic treatment and local external application of drugs. While treating psoriasis， TCM mainly employs oral administration or external application of Chinese medicine and traditional therapies to regulate the immune system and gene targets and resist oxidation， with high safety and few adverse reactions. At present， although the research on the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of psoriasis has been gradually deepened， there are few detailed summaries on the mechanism of TCM in the prevention and treatment of psoriasis. Based on the research on TCM and western medicine in the treatment of psoriasis， this paper reviewed the mechanism of TCM in the prevention and treatment of psoriasis and proposed a comprehensive clinical and experimental research profile， aiming to provide references for further exploring the pathogenesis， treatment， and corresponding mechanism of psoriasis.
ABSTRACT
Cognitive impairment secondary to cardiovascular disease is a common complication in the elderly population， which seriously threatens the health of patients and affects the long-term quality of life. Cardiovascular diseases can lead to vascular endothelial injury， cerebral hypoperfusion， and brain lesions， and then cause cognitive impairment. Cardiovascular risk factors also increase the risk of secondary cognitive impairment in patients. It is particularly important to seek for early diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine prevention and treatment. Based on the "holistic concept"， TCM puts forward the theory of "the connection of heart and brain". The heart and brain are connected and both are in charge of mental activities. Heart injury affects the brain， resulting in abnormal consciousness， which is considered to be the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment secondary to cardiovascular disease in TCM. Later generations of doctors propose the theory of "simultaneous treatment of the heart and the brain" on the basis of "treating different diseases with the same treatment" and "the connection of heart and brain". The theory contains two meanings. One is that different diseases can be treated by the same method because of the same etiology and pathogenesis. The other is the coexistence of different diseases and the treatment should be targeted to the same risk factors. This paper systematically discussed the TCM pathogenesis of cognitive impairment secondary to cardiovascular disease and the prevention and treatment strategy of "simultaneous treatment of the heart and the brain". In this paper， the deficiency of qi and blood was the foundation， and the interaction of blood stasis and poison and the obstruction of the pulse and the loss of the body were the key factors. Activating blood， detoxifying arteries， and connecting the orifices were the main treatment method for the disease. This paper is expected to enrich the connotation of "simultaneous treatment of the heart and the brain"， and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment secondary to the cardiovascular disease with TCM.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To analysis the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ocular trauma in Shaanxi and surrounding areas, and provide research support for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures for ocular trauma. METHODS: Retrospective study. The general data and clinical data of 1 723 unilateral ocular trauma patients(1 723 eyes)admitted to our hospital from January 2 018 to April 2 020 were collected to establish the ocular trauma database and analyzed.RESULTS: Among the 1 723 cases(1 723 eyes)of ocular trauma patients, young and middle-aged patients(20-59 years old)accounted for the majority(1 149 eyes, 66.69%)and mainly were male patients(1 392 eyes, 80.79%), and the vast majority of patients came from rural areas(1 270 eyes, 73.71%)and engaged in manual labor(1 288 eyes, 74.75%). The main causes of ocular trauma were blunt tools(511 eyes, 29.66%), sharp objects(423 eyes, 24.55%), splashing metal(non-metal)foreign bodies(299 eyes, 17.35%), falling(183 eyes, 10.62%), <i>etc</i>. The main places of injury were workplaces(633 eyes, 36.74%), farming places(474 eyes, 27.51%), residential homes(302 eyes, 17.53%), public places(248 eyes, 14.39%), <i>etc</i>. The main type of ocular trauma was open globe injury(1 311 eyes, 76.09%), and the main therapy was surgical treatment(1 638 eyes, 95.07%). Logistic analysis found that age, post-injury visit time, types of ocular trauma, complications of ocular trauma, history of ocular trauma were all important factors influencing prognosis of ocular trauma patients(<i>P</i><0.05). CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma in Shaanxi and surrounding areas has characteristics of age, sex, place of residence, and occupation. For special occupations and special populations, timely targeted health education and prevention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of ocular trauma. In addition, the timely treatment of ocular trauma can help improve the prognosis of patients.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To realize the understanding level of cancer awareness of residents in Shanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for cancer prevention and treatment.Methods:In April 2020, 1 897 local residents in Shanxi Province were recruited to fill in the core knowledge questionnaire of cancer prevention and treatment. The basic demographic information and the core knowledge of cancer prevention and control were collected, and the influencing factors for the understanding of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression model.Results:In the survey on the awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and control among residents in Shanxi Province, 37 940 items were answered, among which 29 396 items were known, and the awareness rate of the population was 77.48% (29 396/37 940). The single-factor results showed that there were statistically significant differences in awareness rates of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among the population with different gender, household registration, ethnic groups, education degree, occupation and different frequency of the health examination were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in awareness rates of core knowledge among the population with different age, and smokers or non-smokers (all P >0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education degree of junior middle school or above ( OR = 3.412-16.767, 95% CI 1.755-32.476) and receiving physical examination once a year ( OR = 2.291, 95% CI 1.154-4.549) were the favorable factors for knowing the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. Household location in rural area ( OR = 0.522, 95% CI 0.378-0.722) and non-Han nationality ( OR = 0.369, 95% CI 0.151-0.904) were the unfavorable factors for knowing the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. Conclusions:The awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Shanxi Province is good, so it is necessary to continue to strengthen the publicity of cancer prevention and control and improve the awareness of cancer prevention and control in the future.